Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc. (President and CEO: Kenji Yabuta, hereinafter referred to as MRI) has submitted its views as an opinion in response to the request for comments on the Actions and Market Instruments (AMI) Phase 1 White Paper conducted by the GHG Protocol. The opinion summarizes MRI's perspective on how to demonstrate the use of low-carbon products and market instruments in GHG accounting and reporting, based on the practicalities of GHG calculation for Japanese companies and their efforts towards decarbonization management. 1. Background The GHG Protocol, an international standard for calculating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is currently undergoing a review of its rules for corporate emissions calculation and reporting. Actions and Market Instruments (AMI) is being considered as part of this process. AMI refers to a new framework for organizing the treatment of investments in reductions/removals, procurement of low-carbon products, utilization of market instruments such as certificates and credits, and evaluation of avoided emissions, which are not directly reflected in a company's physical GHG inventory (a compiled and organized list of GHG emissions). Discussions are moving towards a direction where various corporate contributions to decarbonization are understood and reported in separate statements, differing from the traditional reporting system centered on physical GHG inventories. The AMI Phase 1 White Paper, which summarizes the results of previous deliberations, proposes a "multi-statement" GHG reporting structure*1 that includes a market-based GHG inventory, GHG impact statement, and non-GHG indicators, while maintaining the traditional physical GHG inventory as its foundation. The GHG Protocol's Request for Information (RFI)*2 on this White Paper was conducted from March 31 to June 15, and the results are expected to be reflected in future deliberations on AMI standards and guidance drafts. Subsequently, a public consultation on the f