IHI has developed an "ammonia-dedicated burner" for boilers in thermal power plants and has now completed technical verification toward its practical application. To date, IHI has been working to decarbonize boilers used in thermal power generation and steam supply by modifying conventional boilers that use fossil fuels (such as coal and natural gas). In 2024, IHI successfully conducted a large-scale demonstration test of ammonia fuel at JERA's Hekinan Thermal Power Plant Unit 4, achieving a 20% ammonia thermal input ratio. This marked the world's first successful demonstration of 20% ammonia combustion in a boiler during commercial operation. As part of its phased approach to decarbonization, IHI has also advanced the development of burners capable of high-ratio ammonia combustion (up to 60%) and ammonia-dedicated burners that can be introduced with minimal modifications to existing facilities. The ammonia-dedicated burner was developed with the goal of gradually increasing the ammonia combustion ratio while minimizing modifications to existing boiler systems, ultimately achieving 100% ammonia combustion. In 2022, IHI successfully demonstrated stable combustion of pure ammonia using a small-scale combustion test facility. Due to ammonia's inherently low combustibility, IHI has conducted extensive verification using its large-scale combustion test facility at the Aioi Works (Aioi City, Hyogo Prefecture) (Figure 1, Figure 2) to achieve not only stable combustion but also to reduce emissions of NOx and unburned ammonia, as well as ensure operability under the variable load conditions required in actual power plant operations. This time, through optimization of the burner structure and fuel supply method, IHI has achieved stable combustion across a wide operating range—from low to high loads—and met environmental emission standards at practical application levels. Going forward, IHI will continue optimizing the burner design for higher efficiency and improved environme